My Philosophy of Education Essay - 829 Words

Philosophy On Education: My Beliefs Students are the key to our future. In order for them to make sound decisions in life they must be able to understand the consequences for the choices they make. My goal as a teacher will be to make sure they receive the knowledge to make those decisions. I want to be a teacher so that I can mold students to be intelligent, productive citizens in our society. I want to be a role model, someone children can look up to and emulate. I believe I am worthy and capable of being a teacher because I am intelligent, compassionate, and of high moral character. I believe I can encourage students to become the best person they can be. To achieve these goals, there are factors I need to consider, such as:†¦show more content†¦I would like to have a small library to strengthen students’ ability to read and to use for group reading sessions. New concepts will be introduced using hands on experience by the students. They will be encouraged to ask questions, explore on their own, and talk with each other about various subjects and projects. Teaching technique is also an important factor to maximize students’ learning ability. I will be the boss in my classroom; I will have the final say. There will be specific rules and guidelines for students to follow. There will be order and students that disrupt the class will be punished. Most punishments will be handled in the classroom and will include taking privileges away or assigning oral reports. I do not want to be intimidating, but I do want respect. In return for order and respect I will give my students respect and confidence. I will use any technique possible to encourage them to learn. I will urge students to recommend ways to teach lessons. I want them to play an active role in the decision making process. I believe this will help them identify and understand new material more readily. Through this inclusive interactive relationship, students will feel like they are contributing to their learning experience. I want them to be at ease with myself and their peers. I believe if students are relaxed in the classroom, distractions such as, what they are wearing or how they fit intoShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead MoreMy Philosophy On Philosophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. I would most recognize my philosophy of education as Essentialism. Essentialism has been a dominant influence in American education since World War II. It focuses on core curriculum of traditional academic topics. I believe that the purpose of education is teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education1038 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy of Education When trying coming up with a personal philosophy of education, I had to ask myself what the purpose of education is. To me, the purpose of education is to teach students knowledge that is needed to make it through school and to succeed in the world after graduation. Anyone can go into teaching, but not every teacher can teach. Teachers go above and beyond to introduce methods, philosophies, and strategies to help their students learn, as well as, retain the informationRead MoreMy Education Philosophy 1511 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Mission Statement Education is the imparting and acquiring of knowledge and skills through teaching and learning. As an educator, my personal mission statement is to master my subject area in order to serve as a role model for my students thereby producing students who thoroughly understand the subject matter, and who develop holistically. In order to achieve this goal I must have a set education philosophy with a strong Christian worldview. I must also have a general understanding of theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Student Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachersRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education864 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Children are the future and their education is the key to our society’s success. When considering this, I realize I have an immense responsibility as an educator. The main focuses of my teaching are active learning, building character within students, and providing meaningful curriculum. I want to create a comfortable setting where every student feels safe to learn. In many ways, my philosophy agrees with the holistic approach to education. I feel this challenges the studentRead MoreMy Philosophy on Education814 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education I think when I made the decision to become a teacher I was not thinking the seriousness of this decision. When we become teachers we also become the molder that will shape our student to be successful in life. But when you decide to become a teacher in a Christian school you are not only shaping this student to be successful in life but we are also shaping their Christian mind to do things with a feeling knowing that they are shape and where made by the image of GodRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1015 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately sparked my interest in becoming an educator and share my personal beliefs on the important aspects of education. In addition to this, I will present various traits I believe are essential and critical for teachers to successfully fulfill their role as an educator. During my elementary years, I developed an urge to frequently ask many questions during the school day. Being able to question anything was astonishing to me. This was because my parents were unable to answer my questions and help

The Geology of Bricks

The common brick is one of our greatest inventions, an artificial stone. Brickmaking transforms low-strength mud into strong materials that can endure for centuries when properly cared for. Clay Bricks The main ingredient of bricks is clay, a group of surface minerals that arise from the weathering of igneous rocks. By itself, clay is not useless—making bricks of plain clay and drying them in the sun makes a sturdy building stone. Having some sand in the mix helps keep these bricks from cracking. Sundried clay is little different from soft shale. Many of the most ancient buildings in the early Middle East were made of sun-dried bricks. These generally lasted about a generation before the bricks deteriorated from neglect, earthquakes or the weather. With old buildings melted into piles of clay, the ancient cities were periodically levelled and new cities built on top. Over the centuries these city mounds, called tells, grew to considerable size. Making sun-dried bricks with a little straw or dung helps bind the clay and yields the equally ancient product called adobe. Fired Bricks The ancient Persians and Assyrians made stronger bricks by roasting them in kilns. The process takes several days, raising the temperature above 1000 Â °C for a day or so, then cooling gradually. (This is much hotter than the mild roasting or calcination used to make top dressing for baseball fields.) The Romans advanced the technology, as they did with concrete and metallurgy, and spread fired brick to every part of their empire. Brickmaking has been basically the same ever since. Until the 19th century, every locality with a clay deposit built its own brickworks because transport was so expensive. With the rise of chemistry and the Industrial Revolution, bricks joined steel, glass and concrete as sophisticated building materials. Today brick is made in many formulations and colors for a variety of demanding structural and cosmetic applications. Chemistry of Brick Firing Over the period of firing, brick clay becomes a metamorphic rock. Clay minerals break down, release chemically bound water, and change into a mixture of two minerals, quartz and mullite. The quartz crystallizes very little in that time, remaining in a glassy state. The key mineral is mullite (3AlO3 Â · 2SiO2), a blended compound of silica and alumina that is quite rare in nature. It is named for its occurrence on the Isle of Mull in Scotland. Not only is mullite hard and tough, but it also grows in long, thin crystals that function like the straw in adobe, binding the mix in an interlocking grip. Iron is a lesser ingredient that oxidizes into hematite, accounting for the red color of most bricks. Other elements including sodium, calcium and potassium help the silica melt more easily—that is, they act as a flux. All of these are natural parts of many clay deposits. Is There Natural Brick? Earth is full of surprises—consider the natural nuclear reactors that once existed in Africa—but could it naturally produce true brick? There are two kinds of contact metamorphism to consider. First, what if very hot magma or erupted lava engulfed a body of dried clay in a way that allows the moisture to escape? I would give three reasons that rule this out: 1. Lavas are rarely as hot as 1100 Â °C.2. Lavas would cool quickly once they engulf surface rocks.3. Natural clays and buried shales are wet, which would draw even more heat from lava. The only igneous rock with enough energy to even have a chance to fire proper brick would be the superhot lava known as komatiite, thought to have reached 1600 Â °C. But the Earths interior has not reached that temperature since the Early Proterozoic Era more than 2 billion years ago. And at that time there was no oxygen in the air, making the chemistry even more unlikely. On the Isle of Mull, mullite appears in mudstones that have been baked in lava flows. (It also has been found in pseudotachylites, where friction on faults heats dry rock to melting.) These are probably a far cry from real brick, but you should go there yourself to make sure. Second, what if an actual fire could bake the right kind of sandy shale? In fact, that does happen in coal country. Forest fires can start coal beds burning, and once started these coal-seam fires may go on for centuries. Sure enough, shale overlying coal fires can turn into a red clinkery rock thats close enough to true brick. Unfortunately, this occurrence has become common as human-caused fires start in coal mines and culm piles. A significant fraction of global greenhouse-gas emissions arises from coal fires. Today we outdo nature in this obscure geochemical stunt.

Describe How Children Learn, with Reference to Major Theories

Children’s learning and developmental theories How children learn is very important in child care and in understanding how a child is to development. As children who are deprived of stimulation in early years develop slower, this statement opens up a massive debate which has been unanswered for years, the nature v nurture debate. There are 3 models of learning that cover all this debate and strive to be the correct theory they are the transmission model, the laissez-faire model and the constructivist view. How children learn Firstly we must look at the different ways in which children learn. There are firsthand experiences, children need to experience and understand things, you can tell a child what snow is yet they won’t understand till†¦show more content†¦Skinner believed this was important in learning as adults teach children on a positive negative reinforcement basis, e.g if a child is good they receive a treat (positive reinforcement) and the child is likely to repeat the behaviour, but if the child is bad they receive a punishment (negative reinforcement) and the behaviour is likely to stop. Although both Pavlov’s and skinners research was performed on animals so how much can we contrast from the behaviour of an animal to the behaviour of a human. In my placement when a child is naughty there are methods used to discourage this behaviour, when a child is naughty there name gets put on the ‘thinking lily pad’ this indicates a child has been bad. The reinforcement is negative as no child wants to be there, whereas if a child is good there name gets put on the ‘fantastic flower’ this positive reinforcement encourages the children to behave and contribute to the lesson, if all children in the class are on the fantastic flower then a dragon fly gets moved to the top of the display board, when this has happened 6 times all children get a treat. This encourages the whole class to work together to behave, it works as whenShow MoreRelatedPiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreMontessori : History And Developmental Theory1043 Words   |  5 PagesHistory and Developmental Theory Kelsie Nesbitt Georgian College Abstract This paper will explore Maria Montessori and her theories on early childhood education. Using information that I find online and through the Introduction to ECE textbook, I will create an organized research report describing how and why Maria Montessori has had such a huge impact on early childhood education today. After furthering my knowledge with research on Maria Montessori, I will apply her theory and philosophy to my futureRead MoreAdult Learning Theory in Online Education Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Learning Theory in Online Education The developments of technology has changed the way which adult students may choose to obtain a college degree. Through the use of their computer, they may opt to attend an online only college or university. While it may not be apparent to the student, a lot of research has been conducted regarding the most effective way to teach adults and children based upon how they learn. An awareness in different teaching theories could make an adult student a betterRead MoreJerome Seymour Bruner Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesmade signification contributions to educational, cognitive and developmental psychology. This paper will focus on who Bruner is, his main theories explained, plus a comparison between Bruner and Piaget and the effectiveness of Bruners theories in the classroom. Bruner was born and raised in New York City, Bruner graduated high school in 1933 and went on to major in psychology at Duke University; earning an AB degree in 1937. Subsequently, Bruner pursued a graduate study at Harvard University receivingRead MoreSociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesSociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children ECE 101 Professor Kara Bullock Chakera Simon October 12, 2010 Sociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children Lev Vygotsky believed that children learn from their own experience. As a teacher I have grown to learn that Vygotsky’s findings are true in so many ways. Just from watching the children in my classroom I see that the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding play a huge part in the development of a child. Read MoreEssay on Piagets Learning Theory in Elementary Education1549 Words   |  7 PagesPiaget’s Learning Theory in Elementary Education In order to support children’s growth educators try to provide a stimulating classroom environment. They implement different strategies, tools and practices to help achieve this goal. Since educators play an important role in children’s development they should be familiar with developmental psychology and know of its educational implications in the classroom. There are two major approaches of developmental psychology: (1) Cognitive development asRead MoreChildhood Development And The Whole Child Concept Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment from eight years old to pre-birth. Explain why it is important to understand early childhood development. It is important to understand early childhood development because it helps to understand the children better. In order for the teachers to meet the children’s needs, they have to know how and what they need to do. Learning early childhood development is also important because understanding early childhood development will allow the teacher to build a sound basis for DAP (developmentally appropriateRead MoreLearning and Development Theories939 Words   |  4 Pagesand Development Theories: Learning and development theories basically focus on environmental factors that impact peoples behavior like reinforcement, modeling, and punishment. These theories have been developed by several theorists in the field of psychology who have endeavored to understand the development and behavior of human beings. The efforts of these theorists have contributed to the emergence of several theories that explain their work. Actually, there are three major learning and developmentRead MoreThe Methods That Are Taught On Hurting People Hurt People By Dr. Sandra Wilson1484 Words   |  6 Pages 1 Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Summary 4 -7 Practical Application 7-8 References 9 â€Æ' SUMMARY Primary Goal The primary goal of this books is to view oneself as a way to reach others. Everybody goes through difficult trials and circumstances in their lives. Sometimes we carry deep wounds from these traumatic episodes in our lives. If we don’t learn how to work through those episodes of trauma, we may ultimately hurt others. We then create a generationalRead MoreMiddle Childhood Essay724 Words   |  3 Pagesmiddle childhood and adolescence development stage. Supportive family members and friends improve social development. The major change that occurs from middle childhood to adolescence is emotional maturation. During middle childhood stage, children develop more independence from parents and family. They understand more and can differentiate between right and wrong. Children at this age give more attention to friendship and teamwork, but continue to be strongly influence by their parents’ judgment

Stem Cell Gene Therapy Essay - 903 Words

In recent years, hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (HSC GT) has emerged as an innovative strategy to cure several primary immunodeficiency disorders such as Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS). The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an â€Å"X-linked, complex primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the WAS gene and is characterized by recurrent infections, thrombocytopenia, eczema, autoimmunity and an increased risk of lymphoma† (1). Severe WAS can lead to fatality in the patient from infection or hemorrhage (1). Earlier, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was used as the standard approach for the treatment of WAS but recently, due to the promising and long term results, HSC gene†¦show more content†¦Braun and his colleagues also performed a comprehensive analysis of the gamma-retroviral vector’s integration sites (IS) and concluded that the integrations were mostly accumulated at the transcription start site (TSS) of genes (1). The surprising element of the study was that most of these genes were known proto-oncogenes (like LMO2 and MDS1), indicating that the -retroviral vectors clearly has a preference towards oncogenes or proto-oncogenes for its integration and should thus be reconsidered for its use as a safe delivery system for gene therapy. In this study, the use of gamma-retroviral vector was associated with an exceptionally high rate of secondary malignancies in WAS, raising considerable safety concerns (2). This shortcoming has been increasingly raising concerns in researchers working on gene therapy and has been keeping them from using the readily available and easily transducible retroviral vectors for their experiments and trials. This is also the reason why most studies today use lentiviral vectors, which do not have the issue of causing insertional mutations, rather than retroviral vectors. To overcome the drawback of classic -retroviral vectors mentioned above, the authors of this study proposed the use of self-inactivating (SIN) viruses as vectors for gene therapy. A SIN retrovirus isShow MoreRelatedEssay On 20 Years Of Advancement In Healthcare Science1109 Words   |  5 Pageshealthcare science. These have allowed for improved diagnoses and more effective treatments lowering the prevalence of diseases. The first significant advancement discussed in this essay is The Human Genome Project (HGP), an international collaborative research program whose goal was to sequence and map all of the genes (known as the genome) contained within humans. This project has revolutionised the biomedical field and has already inspired further projects. Several techniques were used to achieveRead More Stem Cells: What How and Why? Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pages Stem Cells: What, How and Why? Stem cells are infinitely valuable when considering their potential applications in the medical profession. While current legislative restrictions have halted the development of new ?stem cell lines? to any agency or company that receives any form of governmental grants, there is no question that the medical profession is standing at the brink of a new era of technological advancements in healthcare and research. Stem cells are valuable due to the fact that theyRead MoreEssay about Applications of Gene Modification869 Words   |  4 Pagesengineering. The modification of genes is becoming a popular application in science, but some people aren’t ready. Genetic engineering will play a big part in the scientific world in the next few years. Most people don’t think this is a good thing, but the use of genetic modification can increase the worlds standard of living by letting scientists dictate how everyday things can be rigged to benefit humanity. There are plenty of naysayers when it comes to tampering with genes. A lot of the people who areRead MoreParkinson s Disease As A Medical Condition1437 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature. It wasn’t until 1817 that a London doctor, named James Parkinson, wrote a detailed medical essay on this disease. This essay established Parkinson’s disease as a recognized medical condition. He based the essay off of six cases he had observed previously and hoped that it would encourage others to study the disease. No such research was performed until finally, sixty years after Parkinson’s essay was published, a French neurologist named Jean Charcot studied the disease and was the first toRead MoreThe Human Body Limits Iron Stores1287 Words   |  6 PagesGenes are small segments of DNA (on a specific locus of a chromosome) that contain the code used to synthesise a protein and mRNA molecule (Khan Academy, 2014). The ‘normal’ function of the HFE protein involved wi th haemochromatosis is to regulate the production of the protein hepcidin, produced in the liver, which determines levels of dietary iron absorption and the it’s release from storage sites in the body (Haemochromatosis.org.au, 2014). The human body limits iron stores through the HFE proteinRead MoreProgress in the Reasearch on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 528 Words   |  3 Pagesstudy in stem cell research. They reprogrammed mouse skin fibroblasts by introduction of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc and generated cells almost indistinguishable from ES cells. They named these cells induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (Takahashi K., et al., 2006). An year later, James A. Thomson et al. replaced Oct4 and oncogenic c-Myc with Lin28 and Nanog decreasing the risk of cancer formation (Yu J., et al., 2007). We need to take into consideration that cell typesRead MoreThe Affects of Duchenne Muscular Distrophy749 Words   |  3 Pagesdystrophy as well as various solutions performed to provide accurate diagnoses and treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 1. Introduction Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is defined as a chronic form of dystrophy that is caused by a mutated gene. This essay critically discusses Duchenne muscular dystrophy as a whole, including all the symptoms, causes as well as treatment. 2. Overview of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy was discovered by a French neurologist, Guillaume DuchenneRead MoreMedical Ethics : Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pages Tennisa Saunders Medical Ethics Adult Stem Cell Research Professor December 2016 In this essay I decided to write on Stem. Initially, I began by defining what stem cell is and the different types of stem cell scientist work with. I include the medical scenario of a woman from Huston by the name of Debbie Bertrand who suffered from Multiple Sclerosis. I also included Dr. Lall, discovery of stem cells in baby teeth, because I found the article to be very interesting. Philosophical questionRead MoreChronic Myeloid Leukaemi Symptoms And Treatment795 Words   |  4 Pageshematopoietic proliferative disorder associated with a specific defect in the gene (Ciesla 2007, pp. 189). The gene defect is caused due to the translocation of the genetic material between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 (t9: 22). The translocation prompts to the development of a hybrid gene BCR-ALB in the Philadelphia chromosome, or Ph1. Therefore, this fusion gene mutation affects the maturation and differentiation of the haematopoietic cells (Ciesla 2007, pp. 189). However the introduction of a BC R-ALB particularRead MoreThe Cell Cycle, Genetic Variation, Mendelian Genetics, And Complex Genetic Inheritance917 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: This essay will explore the cell cycle, cancer, cancer, mitosis and meioses, genetic variation, Mendelian genetics, and complex genetic inheritance. Each area will be broken down in further detail, and the result should demonstrate the knowledge learned on the subjects. The Cell Cycle The cell cycle is a series of stages that occurs when a new cells makes the division from the parent cell to two daughter cells. This is a stage in cellular reproduction. The cell cycle consists of three

Gender Diversity in an Australian Organization

Question: Discuss about the Gender Diversity in an Australian Organization. Answer: Part 1 Rationalizing the Relationship between Gender Diversity in an Australian Organization with Business Performance In recent times, the debate on placing women on corporate boards is a great hype. According to Berkley et al. (2014), advancement of gender equality that urges female representation in corporate governance is a major concern of AICD (Australian Institute of Company Directors) and BCA (Business Council of Australia). The success of an organization lies in its improved financial performance, innovation, group performance, reputation, market and leveraged talent. Reports have shown that in Australia, women occupy 14.2% of board chairs, 15.4% of CEO and 23.6% of directorships. But, AICD has insisted SP/ASX 200 firms to meet the target of placing 30% female board members by 2018 (Boehm and Dwertmann, 2015). One of the ways that show gender diversity is associated with strong corporate performance is an organizations leveraged performance. It helps in effective usage of knowledge and introduction of innovative viewpoints to board-room. Moreover, gender diversity also contributes towards pr oviding alternative solutions to problems. Researchers have shown that companies with female on corporate boards have a strong performance in the market, and its overall performance is impacted by nearly 12% every year (Terjesen and Sealy, 2016). As opined by Boohren and Staubo (2014), female corporate heads bring a better mix of leadership skills in an organization. They are quite definite with their responsibilities and are systematic in coaching and mentoring employees. The female leaders also reflect their strong ability in taking individual decisions about business and are competitive in nature. They ensure improved behavior and cleanliness at the workplace that promotes better culture within an organization. So, gender diversity is important as it fosters better balance in an organization. Bruggen (2015) had an outlook that females working in an organization are more likely to retain back at the workplace and work hard for their promotion. Their turn-out is going to be an impeccable perfectionist in their work, and they have a good power to analyze. Moreover, females onboard also tend to create diversity within teams so that each of the groups is well-connected and share a good rapport with one another. They are unbiase d in making business decisions and assigns work to individuals based on their talent rather than their gender. Recent global statistics have shown that after including females on-boards and at higher-ranking levels, the organizational structure, performance and financial strength of organizations have increased by 15% every year (Hewins-Maroney and Williams, 2013). As per mentioned by Hsu et al. (2013) the female corporate heads are expertise in handling consumer handling. They understand the customer preferences and enhance several methods at the workplace to cater their demands. Women corporate heads are more optimistic towards taking calculated risk, and that leads to less chance of bankrupting of organizations. Gender diversity in organizations also reduces staff turnover rate and cost associated with it. The increased rate of women participation in organizational management also minimized legal risks such as sexual harassments, maternity and pregnancy discrimination. Female corporate heads improve an organizations access to target market as well as increase its market share. Shahzad et al. (2015) commented that gender diversity at workplace also promote the reputations of organization and helps it in retaining its customers, stakeholders, and employees and therefore building a strong brand image. The gender equality in SP/ASX 200 firms als o improved innovation, boosted business performance and also increased the economic competitiveness of organizations. SP/ASX 200 firms have nearly 15% of females in organizations corporate board, and that has brought a difference in its performance regarding resource management, employee management, greater productivity, financial leverage and innovation (Spaaij et al. 2014). Ways How a Company Should Initiate Gender Diversity Policy for the Board Gender diversity at workplace provides a competitive advantage to organizations as both the genders are excellent in their respective areas in handling management. Australias ACID aims to improve the female percentage in SP /ASX 200 firms and has recommended organizations to initiate policies on gender diversity for the board. As opined by Hoyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Petersen et al. (2016), Code of Corporate Governance should give importance to gender diversity. Regulatory codes about gender diversity should be published, and companies are made to comply with the codes. It is to be made clear that gender diversity at workplace greatly influences an organization's long-term competitiveness and economic growthworkplace. An organizations board with gender diversity helps in making valuable decisions about controlling risks, problem-solving and minimizing conflicts at the workplace. A multi-perceptive analysis of certain problems improves the quality of business decisions. As mentioned by Boehm an d Dwertmann (2015), industries should organize programs for training and develop female candidates to be a part of management. They should be trained for enhancing their strategic management skills apart from their professional and technical expertise. These strides help females to be a part of organizations on-board extensively. The Australian Government needs to engage top officials of large corporations and organizations for short listing female directors for ASX 200 companies. According to Hsu et al. (2013), ACID and BCA have adopted certain initiatives and regulatory in supporting as well as encouraging women participation in board meetings. They have inspired leaders of several organizations in appointing women for the position of executives, Directors, and CEO. Moreover, corporate-governance organizes corporate award-giving programs that emphasize on gender diversity as one of the evaluation criteria. It ranks several organizations as per their adoption of practices in improving gender diversity. Moreover, Berkley et al. (2014) commented that organizations like SP /APX 200 firms should make unbiased nominations based on only talents, expertise, and experience while appointing board members. It will help in identification and fill up gaps between current and desired organizational position. Companies should also take initiatives in helping qualified women to secure a position at senior management level. Along with this, Government should also emphasize o n making rules to review reasons if no female candidate is shortlisted in directorial or executive position in organizations. These initiatives will motivate other women to work with dedication and commitment to building their career to reach organizations senior management position (Monem, 2016). Part 2 Contemporary Standards for Whistleblowing Policies The corporate governance framework consists of rules, regulations, systems, processes and relationships that help in creating value within organizations. As mentioned by Dworkin and Brown (2013), ASA or Australian Shareholders Association is keen to take consultancy of corporate governance to set up certain policies for empowering and safeguarding whistle-blowing process in organizations. Several reports have shown that previously in Australia, the whistleblowers were punished and mistreated for revealing illegal ongoing within organizations. An example can be cited from Comminsure where its CMO, Benjamin Koh, stated that several doctors were harried to modify the medical reports of patients and even deletion of their medical files. It was done to avoid health-policy pay-outs by Comminsure. It made Koh lose his job for whistle-blowing (McDonald et al. 2015). Another example can be cited from Target, a discount departmental store, owned by West farmers in making an additional profit o f nearly $ 20 million from supplier rebates. This also resulted in whistle-blower's punishment as well as loss his job. According to Miceli and Near (2013) several policies such as Whistleblower Protection Act of 2004 is adopted to defend employees from receiving punishment for their bravery. It, therefore, encourage employees to whistle-blow on seeing any of the organizations illegal actions. Apart from safeguarding employees, Government has also structured a reward system that includes monetary rewards to employees for their valor. Moreover, as stated by Wood (2015), the Federal Corporations Act 2004 covers the disclosers those have reported breaches as per ASIC Act and Corporations Act. The disclosers will be protected if they are the organizations employee, officer or contractor having a contract supplying goods to the company. It even gives the whistle-blower a civil right to continue his or her employment. Along with this, the law also states that the whistle-blower cannot be charged with any criminal or civil cases. According to Vandekerckhove (2016), the framework of Whistleblower Program for Entities, AS 8004-2003, contains certain requirements and guidelines. It provides protection, confidentiality, and anonymity to the whistle-blower. Any information regarding that person or group is protected from getting leaked. In 2007, the Corporate Governance Principles of ASX were extensively reviewed and therefore the process also included public consultations. It was done to restore the faith of public in Government and to stop any illegal activities and exploitations within organizations. As stated by Miceli et al. (2012), Australian Government and ASA should aim towards filling certain gaps in private sectors about protection of whistle-blowing. A comprehensive legislation should be adopted across all sectors and industries in a consistent way. It is to prevent organizations from adopting illegal ways and encouraging employees in whistle-blowing on seeing any of such misconduct. It is essential for several business, unions, foundations and Governments in supporting whistle-blowing activity within the organization. Near and Miceli (2016) commented that the State and Australian Governments should improve and upgrade laws and rules for ensuring whistle-blower protection in private sectors. The Commonwealth law should be implied on providing national security to employees. Certain reformations should be done to introduce best standards and practices in whistle-blowing activity laws. Australian Standard on Whistle-blow Protection should be developed that works in both private and public sectors with equal dignity and stance. The legislative laws about other legal standards such as incentive structure, salary structure, worker laws, and employee laws in an organization should also be reviewed and revised accordingly. As per the opinion of McDonald et al. (2015), it is necessary to have well-structures principles in Australian Shareholders Association (ASA) for managing the overall operations of organizations. It also adds value to the structure and also promotes ethical as well as responsible decisi on-making process within private sectors. It also safeguards organizations financial status and also employees interest in organizations. The strong whistle-blowing rules and regulations also help in recognizing as well as managing risks within the organization. It reviews the organizational framework periodically to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency. As a result, organizations work in a responsible way to avoid whistle-blowing. Importance and Advantages Related To Whistleblowing Policies in Organizations Cassematis and Wortley (2013) stated that whistle-blowing is a way of reporting an organizations or top management's misconduct and illegal actions in business. It is a Governments desire to have every organization and business operate in an honest way. It is because honestly makes organization in dedicating its resources solely in fulfilling companys vision and mission. Strong whistle-blowing policies in companies also promote transparency in organizational structure. It also ensures clear and efficient communication among the employees, managers, and higher authorities. As mentioned by Croucher et al. (2016), due to strong and effective whistle-blowing policies adopted by ASA, organizations dont have the guts to adopt any illegitimate and unlawful actions. If any such illegal action comes under the employees notice, they can whistle-blow it, and Government will ensure their safety unless the guilt of organization is proved. Several whistle-blowing programs are organized, and the ob jectives of it are discussed among the employees. It, therefore, help employees to know about organizations codes of conduct and their principle to adhere to it. Boyd (2016) commented that ASA should make policies that encourage employees to be supportive towards whistle-blowing. The fear of alienation, retaliation and punishments should be removed from employees mind. When employees whistle-blow on any of the organizational misconduct, they have the right to publicize their comments. It will be followed by a close investigation and follow-up. At that time, the confidentiality of the whistleblower will be protected, and management will be asked to show-cause the fact. According to Lee and Fargher (2013), the safety and health of the individual or individuals will have to be safeguarded by the Government. It will make the employees, managers and top authorities to operate honestly within the organization. Moreover, whistle-blowing will also reduce the chances of any mistreatment and exploitation of employees within the organization. References Berkley, R.A., Beard, R. and Kaplan, D.M., 2014. Leveraging Diversity in a Virtual Context: Global Diversity and Cyber-Aggression.Cross-Cultural Interaction: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, p.307. Boehm, S.A. and Dwertmann, D.J., 2015. Forging a single-edged sword: Facilitating positive age and disability diversity effects in the workplace through leadership, positive climates, and HR practices.Work, Aging and Retirement,1(1), pp.41-63. Boohren, O. and Staubo, S., 2014. Does mandatory gender balance work? Changing organizational form to avoid board upheaval.Journal of Corporate Finance,28, pp.152-168. Boyd, T., 2016. ASIC backs whistleblower project. The Australian Financial Review, PP. 40 Bruggen, A., 2015. An empirical investigation of the relationship between workload and performance.Management Decision,53(10), pp.2377-2389. Cassematis, P.G. and Wortley, R., 2013. Prediction of whistleblowing or non-reporting observation: The role of personal and situational factors.Journal of business ethics,117(3), pp.615-634. Croucher, S.M., Zeng, C. and Kassing, J., 2016. Learning to Contradict and Standing Up for the Company An Exploration of the Relationship Between Organizational Dissent, Organizational Assimilation, and Organizational Reputation.International Journal of Business Communication, p.2329488416633852. Dworkin, T.M. and Brown, A.J., 2013. The Money or the Media? Lessons from Contrasting Developments in US and Australian Whistleblowing Laws.Seattle Journal for Social Justice,11(2), p.8. Hewins-Maroney, B. and Williams, E., 2013. The Role of Public Administrators in Responding to Changing Workforce Demographics: Global Challenges to Preparing a Diverse Workforce.Public Administration Quarterly, pp.456-490. Hoyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Petersen, N., Woodward, I. and Skrbis, Z., 2016. Gender performance and cosmopolitan practice: exploring gendered frames of openness and hospitality.The Sociological Review. Hsu, C.S., Kuo, L. and Chang, B.G., 2013. Gender difference in profit performance-evidence from the owners of small public accounting practices in Taiwan.Asian Journal of Finance Accounting,5(1), p.140. Lee, G. and Fargher, N., 2013. Companies use of whistle-blowing to detect fraud: An examination of corporate whistle-blowing policies.Journal of Business Ethics,114(2), pp.283-295. McDonald, P., Charlesworth, S. and Graham, T., 2015. Developing a framework of effective prevention and response strategies in workplace sexual harassment.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,53(1), pp.41-58. Miceli, M.P. and Near, J.P., 2013. An international comparison of the incidence of public sector whistleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ blowing and the prediction of retaliation: Australia, Norway, and the US.Australian Journal of Public Administration, 72(4), pp.433-446. Miceli, M.P., Near, J.P., Rehg, M.T. and Van Scotter, J.R., 2012. Predicting employee reactions to perceived organizational wrongdoing: Demoralization, justice, proactive personality, and whistle-blowing.Human Relations,65(8), pp.923-954. Monem, R., 2016. Three women is not a crowd on a company board. The Australian Financial Review, pp. 35 Near, J.P. and Miceli, M.P., 2016. After the wrongdoing: What managers should know about whistleblowing.Business Horizons,59(1), pp.105-114. Shahzad, A.M., Rutherford, M.A. and Sharfman, M.P., 2015. Stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Centric Governance and Corporate Social Performance: A Crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ National Study.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. Spaaij, R., Farquharson, K., Magee, J., Jeanes, R., Lusher, D. and Gorman, S., 2014. A fair game for all? How community sports clubs in Australia deal with diversity.Journal of Sport Social Issues,38(4), pp.346-365. Terjesen, S. and Sealy, R., 2016. Board gender quotas: exploring ethical tensions from a multi-theoretical perspective.Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(01), pp.23-65. Vandekerckhove, W., 2016. Whistleblowing and Information Ethics: Facilitation, Entropy, and Ecopoiesis.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-11. Wood, G.W., 2015. Communicating the ethos of codes of ethics in Australia's largest organizations: a reliance on osmosis. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 425-429). Springer International Publishing.

Business Law Medicare and Medicaid Program

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Medicare and Medicaid Program. Answer: Introduction: Meaningful use is a Medicare and Medicaid program issued by CMS which gives incentives which is financial in nature for using Electronic health records technology (EHRs) which is certified to improve the health of patient. For getting the incentives related to EHR, providers need to show that certified EHR technology is meaningfully used by them, and they are also meeting the certain requirements such as recording the information of patients as data which is structured to exchanging summary care records. These requirements are set up by CMS for eligible hospitals, professionals and critical access hospitals. This EHR Medicare and Medicaid program is divided into three stages (HealthIT.gov, n.d.). In this paper, we discuss the background of meaningful use, and also state the requirements of meaningful use. The next topic contains effect on healthcare organizations if they are meeting or not meeting the requirements of meaningful use. We also discuss problems faced by healthcare organizations in fulfilling the requirements of meaningful use and also their possible solutions, and there is a brief discussion which includes why some organizations choosing not to meet the requirements and just bear the resultant penalties. Meaningful use: Background of meaningful use: Meaningful use defines as using the certified HER technology for the following purposes: For improving quality, safety, efficiency, and reducing disparities related to health. For increasing the engagement of patients and their families. For improving the public health, care coordination, and population. Maintain the confidentiality of health information of patient. It was assumed that this program will result in number of benefits such as better clinical outcomes; outcomes related to professional health will be improved; this will increase the efficiency and transparency of transaction, empower the individuals, and give access to the health system research data which is more accurate (HealthIT.gov, n.d.). If any eligible patients and hospitals adopt, upgrade, and demonstrate how to use certified EHR technology in a meaningful manner then financial incentives are awarded to that eligible patients and hospitals by Medicare and Medicaid EHR incentive program. Demonstration of meaningful use program requires time and resources, and this is the reason that CMS provide financial support to EPs and EHs for the demonstration of this program. EPs can qualify for this program up to $44000 from Medicare EHR Incentive Program and $63750 from Medicaid EHR Incentive Program, and eligible hospitals including CAHs can qualify up to $2 million or more (HealthIT.gov, n.d.). The three main components of meaningful use are stated and defined by Recovery Act: It is necessary that EP or hospitals use the certified EHR technology in manner which is meaningful. This technology is used to exchange the health information through electronic mode to improve the healthcare quality. This technology is used to submit the clinical quality measures and some other specified measures also, and these measures are selected by secretary (CMS, 2010). Following is the conceptual approach for meaningful use, and we also called the three stages of meaningful use: Capture and share the data Advanced clinical processes Improved outcome Requirements of meaningful use: This meaningful use program is conducted in three stages that are stage 1 which was initiated in 2010 and it main purpose is promoting the adoption of EHR technology, stage 2 was finalized in last of 2012 and this stage introduce more clinical decision support, care coordination requirements, and Stage 3 will focus on accurate exchange of information related to health and also other guidelines also which are introduced in earlier stages (Techtarget, n.d.). Following are the overview of three stages: Stage 1: following are the requirements of stage 1: 90 days is specified as reporting period for 1st year in this stage and also for 1 year subsequently. Reporting in this period must be done through attestation. EP and EH must achieve defined objectives and clinical quality measures. It is necessary to meet objectives and CQM that at least 80% patients have their records in certified EHR technology (HITEC/LA, n.d.). Stage 2: On 23rd August 2012, the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services published a rule that is known as final rule, and that rule states the criteria for stage 2 that eligible professional and hospitals and CAHs must meet the objectives stated in stage 2 so that they can participate in the Medicare Medicaid Electronic Health Record Incentive Programs. Core objectives and also the menu structure for those core objectives are specified in Stage 1 and these objectives must be achieved by the providers for demonstrate meaningful use. Stage 2 keep these core objectives and menu structure specified by stage 1for use them in meaningful manner. There are number of stage 1 objectives which become core objectives for stage 2 (HRSA, n.d.). For demonstrating the meaningful use under stage 2 it is necessary that: In case of EPs it is necessary that they meet at least 17 objectives that are core objectives and they are selected from the list of 6 core objectives or from list of 20 core objectives. In case of EHs and CAHs, they must meet at least 16 core objectives and at least 3 menu objectives which are selected from the list of 6 core objectives or from list of 19 core objectives (CMS, 2012). Stage 3: Third level of stage of meaningful use mainly focus on following objectives: This part of the stage mainly focuses on improving the quality, safety and efficiency which result in good health outcomes. Support is provided by this level of stage to national high priority conditions. Patients can easily access to tools which help in promoting self management. It helps in improving the health of population. Access to data of patient which is comprehensive through the patient-centered HIE. Rule which is known as final rule is issued by CMS and ONC, and this rule is related to Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs and the 2015 Edition Health IT Certification Criteria respectively on 6th October 2015 (Himms, 2015). Effect of meaningful use on health organizations: Research conducted by RAND shows strong evidence related to health IT improves patient outcomes. A large number of healthcare providers are using and adopting the information technology tools related to health such as certified EHRs which are mention in the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in 2009. This act provides number of incentives if EPs and EHs meaningfully use certifies EHR technology which result in better care, health improvement, and lower costs. This program not only effect providers but to patients also such as: Many requirements of meaningful use program directly affect the patients by providing them easy access to the information related to their health, enhanced the engagement of patients and collaboration of patients with their providers. These requirements take care of many things such as whether patients get electronic reminder for their appointment, or they easily accessed the copy of information related to their health. Therefore now patients are experiencing positive changes in the health care system, and the reason behind this is health care technology. EPs send almost 190 million electronic prescriptions to their patients. Almost 13 million patients or more who aged up to 65 or more and under 5 years received reminders for their appointments. 33 million or more patients are now easily access the information through electronic mode related to their health (CMS, n.d.). Problems faced by health organizations: following are the problems faced by health organizations in meeting the requirement of meaningful use: There are large numbers of providers who have existing systems that are already performing functions related to HIE/EHR, and there are some other systems also which provide information related to lab results which are required to integrate into EHRs information to attain the requirements of meaningful use. It is the problem for providers to move data between these systems, and this will also bit expensive for providers especially for the medium size providers who do not have large IT stuff. The other problem for providers is that stage 3 criteria is not clearly defined till now, and those organizations which make investment in HER/HIE systems face uncertainty. Evaluating the current system against the standards issued by CMS will become the difficult challenge for the providers, especially for those providers who are looking to make new investment in this technology (Reich, n.d.; Backers, n.d.). Therefore, there are number of organizations which are ready to face penalty but did not meet the requirements of meaningful use. Conclusion: This report contains the background and definition of meaningful use, and also the three stages of meaning full use which are stage 1 Capture and share the data, stage 2 that is advanced clinical processes, and stage 3 improved outcomes. After this it contains the effect of meaningful use on providers and patients which state that both patients and providers get number of benefits from the meaningful use. Later we discuss the problems faced by providers in implementing the requirements of meaningful use such as problem for providers to move data between different systems, and stage 3 criteria is not clearly defined till now, and those organizations which make investment in HER/HIE systems face uncertainty. At last, we conclude the report with brief conclusion which state that meaningful use is beneficial for providers and patients but is also cause number of difficulties to providers in implementing the certified EHR program. References: HealthIT.gov. Meaningful Use Regulations. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.healthit.gov/policy-researchers-implementers/meaningful-use-regulations. HealthIT.gov. Meaningful Use Definition Objectives. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/meaningful-use-definition-objectives. HealthIT.gov. EHR Incentive Programs. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/ehr-incentive-programs. Techtarget. meaningful use. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/definition/meaningful-use. CMS, (2010). Medicare Medicaid EHR Incentive Program. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/EHRIncentivePrograms/downloads/MU_Stage1_ReqOverview.pdf. HITCHLA. STAGE 1 MEANINGFUL USE CHECKLIST. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.hitecla.org/sites/default/files/HITEC-LA%20Stage%201%20MU%20Checklist_2011%200613.pdf. HRSA. Meaningful Use Stage 2. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.hrsa.gov/healthit/meaningfuluse/stage2/. CMS, (2012). Stage 2 Overview Tipsheet. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.cms.gov/regulations-and-guidance/legislation/ehrincentiveprograms/downloads/stage2overview_tipsheet.pdf. Himms, (2015). Meaningful Use 2015-2017 Modifications, Stage 3 Final Rules 2015 Certification Criteria. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.himss.org/library/meaningful-use/stage-3-final-rules. CMS. The Real World Impact of Meaningful Use. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.cms.gov/eHealth/ListServ_RealWorldImpact_MeaningfulUse.html. Reich, M. The technical challenges of attaining meaningful use. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.seabourneconsulting.com/the-technical-challenges-of-attaining-meaningful-use/index.html. Backers. 8 Problems Surrounding Meaningful Use. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/8-problems-surrounding-meaningful-use.html.